Grading is done by independent third parties, never by the seller. NGC certifies the majority of coins here and PMG the majority of paper, with CGC, PCGS and CAG appearing on selected pieces.

Each service publishes population data showing how many examples it has graded at each level, which is what turns a grade into a measure of scarcity. Every certificate number can be verified on the grading service’s own website before you buy.

Ungraded pieces are listed as such rather than described as raw or implied to be certified. Our slab label guide explains how to read and check any holder.